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Al-Muwatta Excerpt from Chapter 54 To 61 (including some corrections and changes to the original translation) 54 General - 55 The Oath of Allegiance - 56 Speech - 57
Jahannam - 58 Sadaqa - 59 Knowledge - 54.1 Asking Permission to Enter 1 Malik related to me from Safwan ibn Sulaym from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was questioned by a man who said, "Messenger of Allah, should I ask permission of my mother to enter?" He said, "Yes." The man said, "I live with her in the house." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ask her permission." The man said, "I am her servant." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ask her permission. Do you want to see her naked?" He said, "No." He said, "Then ask her permission." 2 Malik related to me from a reliable source of his from Bukayr ibn 'Abdullah ibn al-Ashajj from Basr ibn Sa'id from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'One asks permission three times. If you are given permission, then enter. If not, go away.' " 3 Malik related to me from Rabi'a ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman from another of the scholars of that time that Abu Musa al-Ash'ari came and asked permission from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab to enter. He asked permission three times and then went away. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab sent after him and said, "What is wrong with you? Why did you not come in?" Abu Musa said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Ask permission to enter three times. If you are given permission, then enter. If not, go away.'" 'Umar said, "Who can confirm this? If you do not bring me someone to confirm, I will do such-and-such to you." Abu Musa went out until he came to an assembly in the mosque which was called the Majlis al-Ansar. He said, "I told 'Umar ibn al-Khattab that I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Ask permission three times. If you are given permission, then enter. If not, go away.' 'Umar said, 'If you do not bring me someone who can confirm it, I will do such-and-such to you.' If any of you have heard that, let him come with me." They said to Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, "Go with him." Abu Sa'id was the youngest of them. He went with him and told 'Umar ibn al-Khattab about that. 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said to Abu Musa, "I did not suspect you, but I feared lest people forge sayings of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." 54.2 Blessing the Person who Sneezes Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If a man sneezes, invoke a blessing on him. Then if he sneezes, invoke a blessing on him. Then if he sneezes, invoke a blessing on him. Then if he sneezes again, say, 'You have a cold.'" 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr said, "I don't know whether it was after the third or the fourth." 5 Malik related to me from Nafi' that when 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar sneezed and someone said to him, "May Allah have mercy on you (yarhamuka'llah)," he said, "May Allah have mercy on us and you and forgive us and you (yarhamuna'llah wa yaghfirlana wa lakum)." 54.3 Pictures and Images 6 Malik related to me from Ishaq ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha that Rafi' ibn Ishaq, the mawla of ash-Shifa', informed him that he and 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha had gone to visit Abu Sa'id al-Khudri while he was ill. Abu Sa'id said to them, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, informed us, 'The angels do not enter a house which contains pictures or images.'" Ishaq was not sure which of them Abu Sa'id said. 7 Malik related to me from Abu'n-Nasr that 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utba ibn Mas'ud went to visit Abu Talha al-Ansari when he was ill. He said, "I found Sahl ibn Hunayf with him. Abu Talha summoned a man and removed a rug which was under him. Sahl ibn Hunayf asked him, 'Why did you remove it?' He replied, 'Because there were pictures on it and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said you know what about them,' Sahl said, 'Didn't the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "except for markings on a garment"?' (A rug was considered to be a garment.) He said, 'Yes, but it is more pleasing to me.'" 8 Malik related to me from Nafi' from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad from 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that she bought a cushion which had pictures on it. When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw it, he stopped at the door and did not enter. She recognised disapproval on his face and said, "Messenger of Allah, I turn in repentance to Allah and His Messenger. What have I done wrong?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "What is the meaning of this cushion?" She said, "I bought it for you to sit and recline on." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Those who make such pictures will be punished on the Day of Rising. They will be told, 'Bring to life what you have created.'" Then he added, "The angels do not enter a house in which there are pictures." 54.4 Eating Lizards 9 Malik related to me from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Sa'sa'a that Sulayman ibn Yasar said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered the house of Maymuna bint al-Harith and there was a lizard in which there were eggs to eat. 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Khalid ibn al-Walid were with him. He said, "From where did you get this?" She replied, "My sister, Huzayla bint al-Harith, gave it to me." He then told 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas and Khalid ibn al-Walid to eat. They said, "Won't you eat, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "There are those who visit me from Allah." Maymuna said, "Messenger of Allah, shall we give you some milk we have to drink?" He replied, "Yes." When he drank, he said, "From where did you get this?" She said, "My sister, Huzayla, gave it to me." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, "Do you see your slave-girl whom you asked me for permission to free? Give her to your sister and bring her to your maternal relatives to take care of her. That is better for you." 10 Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from Abu Umama ibn Sahl ibn Hunayf from 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas that Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira entered the house of Maymuna, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was brought a roasted lizard. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stretched out his hand toward it. One of the women who was in Maymuna's house said, "Tell the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, what he is about to eat." Someone said, "It is a lizard, Muhammad." He drew back his hand. Khalid asked, "Is it haram, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "No, but there were none in my father's land and I find that I dislike them." Khalid added, "I chewed and ate it while the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was looking." 11 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that a man called the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "Messenger of Allah, what do you think about lizards?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I do not eat them and I do not forbid them." 54.5 Concerning Dogs 12 Malik related to me from Yazid ibn Khusayfa that as-Sa'ib ibn Yazid informed him that he heard Sufyan ibn Abi Zuhayr, who was from the Azd Shanu'a tribe and among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, speaking with some people who were at the door of the mosque. He said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If anyone acquires a dog which he does not use as a sheepdog or for hunting, a qirat will be deducted from the reward of his good deeds each day." He was asked, "Did you hear this from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" He said, "Yes, by the Lord of this mosque." 13 Malik related to me from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever acquires a dog other than a sheepdog or hunting dog, will have two qirats deducted from the reward of his good actions every day." 14 Malik related to me from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered dogs to be killed. 54.6 Concerning Sheep 15 Malik related to me from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The main source of disbelief (kufr) will be towards the east. Boasting and pride is among people who have horses and camels. The loud-mouthed people are the people of the tents (the Bedouins). Tranquillity is with the people who have sheep." 16 Malik related to me from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'sa'a from his father from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'sa'a from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It will soon happen that the best property of a Muslim will be sheep which he takes to the peaks of the mountains and the valleys, fleeing with his deen from trials." 17 Malik related to me from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "No one should milk someone else's cow without permission. Would any of you like someone to come to his apartment, break into his larder and take his food? The udders of cows guard their food for their owners, so no one should milk someone else's cow without his permission." 18 Malik related to me that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "There is no Prophet who has not herded sheep," and someone asked, "You included, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Myself included." 54.7 Mice Falling into Clarified Butter, and giving Precedence to Food over the Prayer 19 Malik related to me from Nafi' that one time as Ibn 'Umar was served his evening meal, he heard the recitation of the Imam while he was in his house and he did not hurry from his food until he had finished what he needed. 20 Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utba ibn Mas'ud from 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas from Maymuna, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked about a mouse falling into clarified butter. He said, "Remove it and throw away what is around it." 54.8 Guarding against Ill Luck 21 Malik related to me from Abu Hazim ibn Dinar from Sahl ibn Sa'd as-Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If it exists, it is in a horse, a woman, and a house" meaning ill luck. [cf Bukhari 2704] 22 Malik related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Hamza and Salim, the sons of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Ill luck is in a house, a woman and a horse." 23 Malik related to me that Yahya ibn Sa'id said, "A woman came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah, we moved into a house when our number was great and our wealth was abundant. Now our number has dwindled and the wealth has gone.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Leave it as blameworthy.' " 54.9 Names that are Disliked 24 Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Sa'id that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked about a milk camel about to be milked, "Who is going to milk this camel?" A man stood up. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, "What is your name?" The man said, "Murra (bitterness)." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "Sit down." Then he said, "Who will milk this one?" A man stood up and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, "What is your name?" He said, "Harb (war)." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sit down." Then he said, "Who will milk this camel?" A man stood up and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "What is your name?" The man said, "Ya'ish (he lives)." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, told him, "Milk!" 25 Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab asked a man what his name was. He said, "Jamra (live coals)." "The son of whom?" he asked. He replied, "Ibn Shihab (meteor, flame)." "From whom?" He asked. He said, "From al-Huraqa (burning)." He asked, "Where do you live?" He replied, "At Harra an-Nar (lava-field of the fire)." "At which one of them?" he asked?" He said, "At Dhati Ladha (one with flames)." 'Umar said, "Go and look to your family - they have been burned." Yahya added, "It was as 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, said." 54.10 Cupping and the Reward of the Cupper 26 Malik related to me from Humayd at-Tawil that Anas ibn Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was cupped. Abu Tayba cupped him, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered him to be given a sa' of dates and ordered his family to lessen what he paid them for his kitaba or kharaj." 27 Malik related to me that he heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If there is a remedy that will reach the disease, then cupping will reach it." 28 Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from Ibn Muhayyisa al-Ansari, one of the Banu Haritha, that he asked permission from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to give payment for cupping, and he forbade him to do so. He continued to ask and seek permission until he said, "Feed the ones who drive your water-carrying camels" meaning "your slaves."
54.11 Concerning the East 29 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, pointing at the east and saying, 'The cause of dissension (fitna) is there. The cause of dissension is there, from where the helpers of Shaytan arise." 30 Malik related to me that he heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab wanted to go to Iraq, and Ka'b al-Ahbar said to him, "Do not go there, Amir al-Muminin. Nine-tenths of sorcery is there and it is the place of rebellious jinn and the disease which the doctors are unable to cure." 54.12 Killing Snakes and What is Said about Them 31 Malik related to me from Nafi' from Abu Lubaba that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade killing snakes which were in houses. 32 Malik related to me from Nafi' from Sa'iba, the female mawla of 'A'isha, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade killing the snakes which were in the houses except those with two white stripes on their back and two short ones. They made one go blind and caused miscarriages in women. 33 Malik related to me from Sayfi, the mawla of Ibn Aflah, that Abu's-Sa'ib, the mawla of Hisham ibn Zuhra, said, "I went to Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and found him praying. I sat to wait for him until he finished the prayer. I heard a movement under a bed in his room, and it was a snake. I got up to kill it and Abu Sa'id gestured for me to sit down. When he had finished, he pointed to a room in the house and said, 'Do you see this room?' I replied, 'Yes.' He said, 'There was a young boy in who had just got married. He went with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to al-Khandaq (the Ditch which the Muslims dug in the fifth year of the Hijra to defend Madina against the Quraysh and their allies). While he was there, the youth came asked asked his permission, saying, "Messenger of Allah, give me permission to return to my family." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave him permission and said, "Take your weapons with you, for I fear the Banu Qurayza tribe.* They may harm you." 'The youth went to his family and found his wife standing between the two doors. He lifted his spear to stab her as jealousy had been aroused in him. She said, "Don't be hasty before you have gone in and seen what is in your house." He entered and found a snake coiled up on his bed. He transfixed it with his spear and then went out with it and set it upright in the house. The snake stirred on the end of the spear and the youth fell dead. No one knew which of them had died first, the snake or the youth. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was told about that and he said, "There are jinn in Madina who have become Muslim. When you see one of them, call out to it for three days. If it appears after that, then kill it, for it is a shaytan."'" * One of the Jewish tribes of Madina, nominally allied to the Muslims, but who in fact at this time went over to the enemy, exposing the Muslims to a very desperate situation. However, a wind came up from the sea and blew bitterly for three days and nights. Tents were blown down and fires could not be lit, and the Quraysh and their allies were completely dismayed, and retreated in shambles. The Banu Quraydha made a vain attempt to blockade themselves from the wrath of the Muslims, but were quickly forced to capitulate. They negotiated that their fate should be decided by one of their allies who had become Muslim, but the man, from whom they had expected leniency, ordered that all the men be put to death and the women and children be made slaves.
54.13 What to Say on Journeys 34 Malik related to me that he heard that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, set foot in the stirrup intending to travel, he would say, "In the name of Allah. O Allah! You are my Companion in the journey and the Khalif of my family. O Allah! Spread out the earth for us and make the journey easy for us. O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the hardship of the journey and from returning to sorrow and a distressing sight regarding property and family." Bismillah. Allahumma anta as-Sahibu fi's-safari wa'l-khalifatu fi'l-ahl. Allahumma' zwilana'l-arda wa hawwin 'alayna's-safari wa min kabati'l-munqalabi wa min su'i'l-mandhuri fi'l-mali wa'l-ahl." Malik related to me from a reliable source of his from Ya'qub ibn 'Abdullah al-Ashajj from Busr ibn Sa'id from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas from Khawla bint Hakim that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever dismounts to rest in a place should say, 'I seek refuge with the complete words of Allah from the evil of what He created (a'udhu bi kalimati'llahi't-tammati min sharri ma khalaq)', and nothing will harm him until he remounts." 54.14 Travelling Alone in the Case of Men and Women 35 Malik related to me from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Harmala from 'Amr ibn Shu'ayb from his father from his grandfather that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "One rider is a shaytan. Two riders are two shaytans, and three are a riding party." 36 Malik related to me from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Harmala that Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Shaytan concerns himself with one and two. When there are three, he does not concern himself with them." 37 Malik related to me from Sa'id ibn Abi Sa'id al-Maqburi from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is not halal for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day to travel the distance of a day and a night without a man who is her mahram." 54.15 How to Behave on Journeys 38 Malik related to me from Abu 'Ubayd, the mawla of Sulayman ibn 'Abd al-Malik from Khalid ibn Ma'dan who attributed it to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, is a kind and loves kindness. Kindness pleases Him and He helps you with kindness as long as it is not misplaced. When you ride dumb beasts, stop them in their stopping-places, and quicken their pace when the land is barren. Travel by night, because the land is travelled faster at night than it is during the day. Beware of pitching tents on the road for it is the path of animals and the abode of snakes." 39 Malik related to me from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakr, from Abu Salih from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Travelling is a portion of the torment. It denies you your sleep, food and drink. When you have accomplished your purpose, you should hurry back to your family." 54.16 The Command to be Kind to Slaves 40 Malik related to me that he heard that Abu Hurayra said that the Messenger of Allllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A slave should have normal food and clothing, and he is only obliged to do such work as he is capable of doing." 41 Malik related to me that he heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab went to the villages every Saturday. If he found a slave doing work which he was not capable of doing, he lightened it for him. 42 Malik related to me from his paternal uncle, Abu Suhayl ibn Malik, that his father heard 'Uthman ibn 'Affan say in a khutba, "Do not oblige a slave-girl to earn money unless she has a skill. If you oblige her to do that, she will earn money by prostitution. Do not oblige a child to earn money. If he does not find it, he will steal. Pardon since Allah will pardon you, and you must feed them good food." 54.17 The Slave and his Reward 43 Malik related to me from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When a slave gives good counsel to his master and worships Allah correctly, he has his reward twice over." 44 Malik related to me that he heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab saw a female slave belonging to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. She was dressed in the way that a free woman dresses. He went to his daughter, Hafsa, and said, "Didn't I see your brother's slave-girl dressed in the way that a free woman dresses walking among the people and causing trouble?" 'Umar disapproved of that.
55.1 About the Oath of Allegiance 1 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "When we took an oath of allegiance with him to hear and obey, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to us, 'In what you are able.' " 2 Malik related to me from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir that Umayma bint Ruqayqa said, "I went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with the women who took an oath of allegiance with him in Islam. They said, 'Messenger of Allah! We take a pledge with you not to associate anything with Allah, not to steal, not to commit adultery, not to kill our children, nor to produce any lie that we have devised between our hands and feet, and not to disobey you in what is known.' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'In what you can do and are able.'" Umayma continued, "They said, 'Allah and His Messenger are more merciful to us than ourselves. Come, let us give our hands to you, Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'I do not shake hands with women. My word to a hundred women is like my word to one woman.'" 3 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar wrote to 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, making an oath of allegiance. He wrote, "In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Most Merciful. To the slave of Allah, 'Abd al-Malik, the Amir al-Muminin. Peace be upon you. I praise Allah to you. There is no god but Him. I acknowledge your right to my hearing and my obedience according to the sunna of Allah and the sunna of His Prophet in what I am able."
56.1 Disliked Speech
1 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If a man says to his Muslim brother, 'O unbeliever!' it is true about one of them." 2 Malik related to me from Suhayl ibn Abu Salih from his father from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "When you hear a man say, 'The people are ruined,' he himself is the most ruined of them all." 3 Malik related to me from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Let none of you complain about time, for Allah is time." 4 Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Sa'id that 'Isa ibn Maryam encountered a pig on the road. He said to it, "Go in peace." Somebody asked, "Do you say this to a pig?" 'Isa replied, "I fear lest I accustom my tongue to evil speech."
56.2 The Order to be Mindful in Speech
5 Malik related to me from Muhammad ibn 'Amr ibn 'Alqama from his father from Bilal ibn al-Harith al-Muzani that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man says what is pleasing to Allah and he does not suspect that it will have the result that it does, and Allah will write for him His good pleasure for it until the day when he meets Him. And a man says what excites the wrath of Allah and he does not suspect that it will have the result that it does, and Allah will write His wrath for him for it until the day when he meets Him." 6 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar that Abu Salih as-Samman informed him that Abu Hurayra said, "Truly a man utters words to which he attaches no importance, and by them he falls into the Fire of Jahannam, and truly a man utters words to which he attaches no importance, and by them Allah raises him into the Garden."
56.3 Disliked Speech and Speech Without the Mention of Allah
7 Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said, "Two men from the east stood up and spoke, and people were amazed at their eloquence. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Some eloquence is sorcery,' and he said, 'Part of eloquence is sorcery.'" 8 Malik related to me that 'Isa ibn Maryam used to say, "Do not speak much without mentioning Allah because you will harden your hearts. A hard heart is far from Allah, but you do not know. Do not look at the wrong actions of people as if you were lords. Look to your wrong actions as if you were slaves. Some people are afflicted by wrong action and some people are protected from it. Be merciful to the people of affliction and praise Allah for His protection." 9 Malik related to me that 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a message to one of her family after the evening prayer, saying, "Will you not allow the recording angel to rest?"
56.4 Backbiting
10 Malik related to me from al-Walid ibn 'Abdullah ibn Sayyad that al-Muttalib ibn 'Abdullah ibn Hantab al-Makhzumi informed him that a man asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "What is backbiting?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It is to mention about a man what he does not want to hear." He said, "Messenger of Allah, even if it is true?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "If you utter something false, then it is slander."
56.5 What is Feared from the Tongue
11 Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever Allah protects from the evil of two things will enter the Garden?" A man said, "Messenger of Allah, do not tell us!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, repeated what he had said the first time. The man said to him, "Do not tell us, Messenger of Allah!" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was silent. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said the same thing again. The man said, "Do not tell us, Messenger of Allah!" Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said the same thing again. Then the man began to say what he had said previously and a man at his side silenced him, The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whomever Allah protects from the evil of two things will enter the Garden. They are what is between his jaws and what is between his legs, what is between his jaws and what is between his legs, what is between his jaws and what is between his legs." 12 Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam from his father that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab came upon Abu Bakr as-Siddiq pulling his tongue. 'Umar said to him, "Stop, may Allah forgive you!" Abu Bakr replied, "This has brought me to dangerous places."
56.6 Two People Conversing to the Exclusion of Another
13 Malik related to me from 'Abdullah ibn Dinar, saying, "'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and I were at the house of Khalid ibn 'Uqba who was away at the market. A man came who wanted to speak to 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar and I was the only other person present. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar called another man so that we were four and said to me and the man whom he had called, 'Go a little way off together because I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, "Two should not converse to the exclusion of a third."'" 14 Malik related to me from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Two must not converse secretly to the exclusion of a third person."
56.7 Truthfulness and Lying
15 Yahya related to me from Malik from Safwan ibn Sulaym that a man asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "Can I lie to my wife, Messenger of Allah?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, answered, "There is no good in lying." The man said, "Messenger of Allah! Shall I make her a promise and tell her?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "It will not be held against you." 16 Malik related to me that he heard that 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud used to say, "You must tell the truth. Truthfulness leads to right action. Right action leads to the Garden. Beware of lying. Lying leads to corruption and corruption leads to the Fire. Do you not see that it is said, 'He speaks the truth and acts rightly,' and 'He lies and is corrupt.' " 17 Malik related to me that he heard that someone said to Luqman, "What has brought you to what we see?" meaning his high rank. Luqman replied, "Truthful speech, fulfilling the trust and leaving what does not concern me." 18 Malik related to me that he heard that 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud used to say, "A slave of Allah continues to lie and a black spot grows in his heart until all his heart becomes black. Then he is written in the sight of Allah among the liars." 19 Malik related to me that Safwan ibn Sulaym said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was asked, 'Can a believer be a coward?' He said, 'Yes.' He was asked, 'Can a believer be a miser?' He replied, 'Yes.' He was asked, 'Can a believer be a liar?' He said, 'No.'"
56.8 Squandering Property and Being Two-faced
20 Malik related to me from Suhayl ibn Abi Salih from his father from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah is pleased with three things from you, and He is angry with three things from you. He is pleased that you worship Him and do not associate anything with Him, and that you take hold of the rope of Allah altogether and that you give good counsel to the one to whom Allah gives command over you. He is angry with you for gossip, squandering property and asking too many questions." 21 Malik related to me from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "One of the most evil of people is the two-faced person who shows one face to some people and another face to other people." 56.9 Punishing the Many for the Actions of the Few
22 Malik related to me that he had heard that Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Messenger of Allah! Shall we be destroyed while there are people who are right-acting among us?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Yes, if there is much wickedness. " 23 Malik related to me that Isma'il ibn Abi Hakim heard 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz say, "Some say that Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, will not punish the many for the wrong action of the few. However, when the objectionable action is committed openly, then they all deserve to be punished."
56.10 About People with Taqwa
24 Malik related to me from Ishaq ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha that Anas ibn Malik said, "When I was going out with 'Umar ibn al-Khattab to visit an orchard, I heard him talking to himself. There was a wall between us and he was inside the garden. He said, "'Umar ibn al-Khattab, Amir al-Muminin! Well done! Well done! By Allah, fear Allah or He will punish you!" 25 Malik said that he heard that al-Qasim ibn Muhammad used to say, "I have seen the people (i.e. the Companions), and they were not impressed by speech." Malik said, "He meant that only action and deeds would be looked at, not words."
56.11 What to Say When It Thunders
26 Malik related to me that 'Amir ibn 'Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr would stop speaking when he heard thunder and say, "Glory be to the One whom the thunder glorifies with His praise and the angels from fear of Him" (Subhana'lladhi yusabbihu'r-ra'du bi-hamdihi wa'l-mala'ikatu min khiyfatihi).
56.12 The Legacy of the Prophet, may Allah Bless Him and Grant Him Peace
27 Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from 'Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace died, the wives of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wanted to send 'Uthman ibn 'Affan to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq to ask him about their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. 'A'isha said to them, "Did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, not say, 'No one inherits from us. What we leave is sadaqa.' " 28 Malik related to me from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "My inheritance is not divided up by the dinar. What I leave apart from the maintenance of my wives and provision for my servant is sadaqa."
57.1 Description of Jahannam
1 Malik related to me from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The fire of the children of Adam which they kindle is a seventieth part of the fire of Jahannam." They said, "Messenger of Allah, this fire is certainly enough." he said, "That fire is sixty-nine times greater." 2 Malik related to me from his paternal uncle, Abu Suhayl ibn Malik, from his father that Abu Hurayra said, "Do you think that it is red like this fire of yours? It is blacker than tar."
58.1 Stimulation of Desire for Sadaqa
1 Malik related to me from Yahya ibn Sa'id from Abu'l-Hubab Sa'id ibn Yasar thaibn Yasar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever gives sadaqa from good earnings - and Allah only accepts the good - it is as if he placed it in the palm of the Merciful to raise it, as one of you might raise his foal or young camel until it is like the mountain." 2 Malik related to me that Ishaq ibn 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha heard Anas ibn Malik say, "Abu Talha had the greatest amount of property in palm-trees among the Ansar in Madina. The dearest of his properties to him was Bayruha' which was in front of the mosque. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to go and drink from the pleasant water which was in it." Anas continued, "When the ayat was sent down - 'You will not attain true goodness until you give of what you love.' (3:92). Abu Talha went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah! Allah, the Blessed, the Exalted, has said, "You will not obtain rightness of action until you expend of what you love." The property which I love the best is Bayruha'. It is sadaqa for Allah. I hope for its good and for it to be stored up with Allah. Place it wherever you wish, Messenger of Allah.' "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Well done! That is property which profits! That is property which profits! I have heard what you said about it and I think that you should give it to your relatives.' Abu Talha said, 'I will do it, Messenger of Allah!' Abu Talha therefore divided it among his relatives and the children of his paternal uncle." 3 Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Give to a beggar even if he comes on a horse." 4 Malik related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam from 'Amr ibn Mu'adh al-Ash-hali al-Ansari that his grandmother said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'O believing women! Let none of you despise giving to her neighbour even if it is only a roasted sheep's trotter.' 5 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that a beggar asked 'A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for something while she was fasting and there was only a loaf of bread in her house. She said to her female mawla, "Give it to him." The mawla protested, "You will not have anything to break your fast with." A'isha repeated, "Give it to him," so she did so. When evening came, the people of a house or a man who did not usually give to them, gave them a sheep and some food to go with it. 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, called her mawla and said, "Eat from this. This is better than your loaf of bread." 6 Yahya related to me that Malik said, "I heard that a beggar asked for food from 'A'isha, Umm al-Muminin, while she had some grapes. She told someone to take him one grape. He began to look in amazement. 'A'isha said, "Are you amazed? How many atoms' weights do you see in this grape?" (referring to Qur'an 99:7)
58.2 Refraining from Asking
7 Malik related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from 'Ata' ibn Yazid al-Laythi from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that some people of the Ansar asked the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he gave to them. Then they asked him again, and he gave to them until he used up what he had. Then he said, "What wealth I have I will not hoard from you. Whoever has forbearance, Allah will help him. Whoever tries to be independent, Allah will enrich him. Whoever tries to be patient, Allah will give him patience, and no one is given a better or vaster gift than patience." 8 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi' from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said from the minbar when mentioning sadaqa and refraining from asking, "The upper hand is better than the lower hand. The upper hand is the one which expends, and the lower one is the one which asks." 9 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent a gift to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and 'Umar returned it. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked, "Why did you return it?" He replied, "Messenger of Allah, didn't you tell us that it is better for us not to take anything from anyone?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "That is by asking. Provision which Allah gives you is not the same as asking." 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, "By the One in whose hand my self is, I will not ask anything from anyone, and anything that comes to me without my asking for it, I will accept." 10 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-A'raj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "By Him in whose hand my self is! To take your rope and gather firewood on your back is better for you than that you come to a man to whom Allah has give some of His favour and ask him and then he either gives something to you or refuses." 11 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from 'Ata' ibn Yasar that a man of the Banu Asad said, " My family and I dismounted to rest at Baqi'. My family said to me, 'Go to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and ask him for something that we can eat,' and they began to mention what they needed. I went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and found that a man was asking for something, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was saying, 'I do not have anything to give you.' The man turned away from him in anger, saying, 'By my life! You give to whomever you wish!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, remarked, 'He is angry with me because I do not have anything to give him. Whoever asks you for something while he has an uqiyya or its equivalent has asked with importunity.' " The man continued, "I told myself that a camel we had was worth more than an uqiyya.' (Malik explained that an uqiyya was forty dirhams) So I returned without having asked him for anything, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me barley and raisins later on. He gave us from his share until Allah, the Mighty, the Majestic, gave us relief." 12 Yahya related to me that Malik heard al-'Ala' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman say, "Sadaqa does not decrease property, and Allah only increases a person in worth for his restraint, and no one is humble but that Allah raises him." Malik said, "I do not know whether this hadith goes back to the Prophet. may Allah bless him and grant him peace, or not." 58.3 What is Disliked in Sadaqa 13 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Sadaqa to the family of Muhammad is not halal. It is only people's impurities." 14 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave a man from the Banu 'Abd al-Ash-hal charge over some sadaqa. When he came to ask him for some camels from the sadaqa, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was so angry that the anger showed in his face. One way in which anger could be recognised in his face was that his eyes became red. Then he said, "This man has asked me for what is not good for me or for him. If I refuse it, I hate to refuse. If I give it to him, I will give him what is not good for me or for him." The man said, "Messenger of Allah! I will never ask you for any of it." 15 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that his father said, "'Abdullah ibn al-Arqam said, 'Show me a riding-camel which the Amir al-Muminin can give me to use.' I said, 'Yes, one of the sadaqa camels.' 'Abdullah ibn al-Arqam said, 'Would you want a stout man on a hot day to wash for you what is under his lower garment and its folds and then give it to you to drink?' I was angry and said, 'May Allah forgive you! Why do you say such things to me?' 'Abdullah ibn al-Arqam said, 'Sadaqa is the impurities of people which they wash off themselves.' "
59.1 Seeking Knowledge
1 Yahya related to me from Malik that he heard that Luqman the Sage made his will and counselled his son, saying, "My son! Sit with the learned men and keep close to them. Allah gives life to the hearts with the light of wisdom as Allah gives life to the dead earth with the abundant rain of the sky." 60 The Supplication of the Unjustly Wronged 60.1 Supplication of the Unjustly Wronged 1 Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from his father that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab gave a mawla of his called Hunayy charge over the hima. He said, "Hunayy! Do not harm the people. Fear the supplication of the wronged for the wronged person is answered. Let the one with a small herd of camels and the one with a small herd of sheep enter, but be wary of the livestock of Ibn Awf and the livestock of Ibn 'Affan. If their livestock is destroyed, they will bring their children to me crying, 'Amir al-Muminin! Amir al-Muminin!' Shall I neglect them? Water and pasturage are of less value to me than gold and silver. By Allah, they think that I have wronged them. This is their land and their water. They fought for it in the Jahiliyya and became Muslims on it in Islam. By Him in whose hand my soul is! Were it not for the mounts which I give to be ridden in the way of Allah, I would not have turned a span of their land into hima." may Allah bless him and grant him peace
61.1 The Names of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace
1 Malik related to me from Ibn Shihab from Muhammad ibn Jubayr ibn Mut'im that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "I have five names. I am Muhammad. I am Ahmad. I am al-Mahi (the effacer) by whom Allah effaces disbelief. I am al-Hashir (the gatherer) before whom people are gathered. I am al-'Aqib (the last)."
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